A turbo machine is a device in which energy transfer occurs between a flowing fluid and a rotating element due to dynamic action, and results in a change in pressure and momentum of the fluid. Mechanical energy transfer occurs inside or outside of turbo machines, usually in a steady-flow process.

A turbo machine is a device in which energy transfer occurs between a flowing fluid and a rotating element due to dynamic action, and results in a change in pressure and momentum of the fluid. Mechanical energy transfer occurs inside or outside of turbo machines, usually in a steady-flow process.

Centrifugal Pumps

Discussion

Sample Problem

The suction diameter of a pump is 60mm and reads 2.5 psi vacuum, and the discharge diameter is 55mm and reads 250 kPag. The suction water level is 5m above the water pump centerline and discharge water level is 30m above the pump centerline. The total head loss is 2.3m. If the discharge required is 30 L/sec, calculate the horsepower needed to pump water when the efficiency is 75%.

Pump Performance Curves

Pump Specific Speed and Affinity Laws

Specific Speed is a design index used by pump engineers to describe the geometry of pump impellers and to classify them as to their type.

The pump affinity laws are rules that govern the performance of a centrifugal pump when the speed or impeller diameter is changed. The basis for derivation of the affinity laws is that the pump’s specific speed once calculated does not change. 

Hydraulic Ram Pump

Fans and Blowers

Discussion

Sample Problem

A boiler requires 100,000 m3/hr of standard air. The mechanical efficiency of the fan to be installed is 75%. Calculate the size of the driving motor needed assuming that the fan can deliver a pressure head of 165 mm of water gage and outlet velocity of 25 m/s.

Reciprocating Air Compressors